University Graduates Unemployment in Pakistan: Employability Strategy for the University Graduates
Keywords:
Unemployment, University Graduate Employability, Employability Models, Implementation FrameworkAbstract
The research paper has focused its study on analyzing the situation of university graduate unemployment situation in Pakistan. It has discussed the causes of the unemployment of university graduates. The study has tried to answer following research questions;
- What are the main causes of increasing unemployment of the university graduates?
- How the employability created for the University Graduates?
The research study has focused its scope on the enhancing the employment skills and knowledge of the university graduates for obtaining the jobs in the private and public organizations. The study has thoroughly studied the employability programs introduced by three Asian countries such as Singapore, Australia and Malaysia. These countries have been very much successful in enhancing the employability of university graduates in seeking the employment in the public and private organizations. Keeping in view the critical situation of the unemployment status of university students graduated each year, the author has proposed Model of employability that aimed to reduce the unemployment amongst the university graduates with the aim of preserving their abilities and potential for the human resource development of the country. In the last, the study has presented the proposed implementation framework for the employability of university graduates.
The research paper has focused its study on analyzing the situation of university graduate unemployment situation in Pakistan. It has discussed the causes of the unemployment of university graduates. The study has tried to answer following research questions;
- What are the main causes of increasing unemployment of the university graduates?
- How the employability created for the University Graduates?
The research study has focused its scope on the enhancing the employment skills and knowledge of the university graduates for obtaining the jobs in the private and public organizations. The study has thoroughly studied the employability programs introduced by three Asian countries such as Singapore, Australia and Malaysia. These countries have been very much successful in enhancing the employability of university graduates in seeking the employment in the public and private organizations. Keeping in view the critical situation of the unemployment status of university students graduated each year, the author has proposed Model of employability that aimed to reduce the unemployment amongst the university graduates with the aim of preserving their abilities and potential for the human resource development of the country. In the last, the study has presented the proposed implementation framework for the employability of university graduates.
References
[1] Ahmed Sohail (2012), “ Pakistan Employment Trends, 2011”, Bureau of Statistics, Islamabad, Government of Pakistan.
Amjad, R. (2006), ‘Employment Strategies and Labor Market Policies: Interlinkages with Macro and Sectoral Policies’, in Pakistan: decent employment generation and skills development, Papers, Synthesis and Recommendations of the National Tripartite Forum on Employment and Skills, 25-26 April 2006, Islamabad.
ACCI (2002), Employability Skills – An Employer perspective, Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Canberra
ACCI (2007), Skills for a Nation: A blueprint for improving education and training 2007–2017, Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Canberra.
Business/Higher Education Roundtable in Australia (2003), ‘Developing Generic Skills: Examples of best practice’, B-Hert News, Issue 16.
CBI (CONFEDERATION OF BRITISH INDUSTRY) (1999) Making Employability Work: An Agenda for Action. London: CB
CWA (Common Wealth of Australia) (2007), “Graduate Employability Skills”, Precision Consultancy, Melbourne, Australia.
Colombano, J., Krkoska, L.(2006), Does enterprise-level training compensate for poor country-level skills? Lessons from transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, November 2006.
DEST (2002a), Employability skills for the future, a report by the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Business Council of Australia for the Department of Education, Science and Training, Canberra.
DEST (2002b), Striving for quality: Learning, Teaching and Scholarship, Higher Education Review Process, Department of Education, Science and Training, Canberra.
FBS (Federal Bureau of Statistics) (2004), Pakistan Labour Force Survey 2003-2004, Government of Pakistan, Statistics Division, Federal Bureau of Statistics, October 2004.
FBS (Federal Bureau of Statistics) (2008), Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, Statistics Division, Federal Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan, June 2008.
GEMS (Graduate Employability Management Schemes) ( 2012), retrieved on 3 May, 2012 from http://www.graduan2u.com/2010/02/20/the-graduate-employability-management-scheme-gems/
Gunn,Vicky., Bell, Shenn and Kafman, Klans (2010), “Thinking Strategically about Employability and Graduate Attributes: Universities and Enhancing Learning beyond University”,. The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) Scotland, Glasgow.
Harvey, Lee. (1999) “Employability: Developing the relationship between higher education and employment” Scarman House, Warwick University, 28 October, 1999.
HM TREASURY (1997) Treasury Press Release 122/97, 13th October: Gordon Brown unveils UK Employment Action Plan. London: HM Treasury.
Huges, Julia (2009) , “The Employability Strategy” , Department of Employability, University of Portsmouth, Australia.
J, Pollard E.(1998) Research “Employability: developing a framework for policy analysis”, Hillage Report RR85, Department for Education and Employment, 1998.
Khan, N. R., Taha, S. M., Ghouri, A. M. (2011) Bridging the Gap through E-Recruitment: Evidences from Employment Sector in Karachi. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, September 2(6), 40-48.
Lindsay, Colin (2005) “Employability, Services for Unemployed Jobs Seekers and the Digital Divide”, Urban Studies, Sage Publications, Vol. 42, No.2, 325-339.
McQuaid, Ronald W. and Lindsay, Colin (2005), “ The Concept of Employability”, Urban Studies, Sage Publications, Vol.42, No.2, 197-219.
WDA (Work Force Development Authority) (2011)“Singapore Workforce Skills Qualification, Retrieved on 23 May, 2012 from