Interconnectedness of Reward Dissatisfaction of Public Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Educators with Educator Turnover Intentions and Prolonged Tenure
Keywords:
Extrinsic, Intrinsic, Tenure, Turnover, Public TVETAbstract
Educator turnover intentions and prolonged tenure is a huge problem in Public TVET institutions in the Western Cape in South Africa. Educator turnover and prolonged tenure intentions is interconnected to educators’ dissatisfaction with rewards (intrinsic and extrinsic). Public TVET educators’ dissatisfaction with rewards result in increased turnover and lack of the desire to prolong tenure among educators. In 2006 educator turnover increased by 5.6%. Due to this problem the South African government was forced to replace about 20 000 educators annually in the education sector in all provinces. The major problem encountered by the government was that during this period of time, was that it was not producing enough teachers to fill in the gaps created increased educator turnover. As a result, high turnover experienced in educational institutions had a negative effect on the quality of service delivery. A structured self-administered Job Descriptive Index (JDI) questionnaire was utilized in collecting data. Data was processed using Software Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 23. Results revealed that dissatisfaction with rewards (extrinsic and intrinsic) increased turnover and lack of a desire to prolong tenure among Public TVET educators in Public TVET institutions in the Western Cape. Recommendations were that Public TVET institutions needed to improve rewards (intrinsic and extrinsic) to manage increased turnover and lack of a desire by educators to prolong tenure. Therefore, it was recommended that Public TVET had to adopt the Total Rewards model invented by World at Work to manage the problem of increased Public TVET educator turnover.
References
Adedeji, S.O., & Oliyani, O. (2011). Improving the conditions of teachers and teaching in rural schools across African countries. Addis Ababa: UNESCO, International Institute for Capacity Building.
Aguinis, H. (2013). Performance management. (3rd ed.). New York: Pearson.
Arshad, Z. (2014). Impact of JDI and personality traits on job satisfaction. IOSR Journal of Business Management. 16 (1).
Azeem, S.M. (2010). Job satisfaction among employees in Sultanate of Oman. Psychology. 1.
Bennel, P., & Akyeampong, A. (2007). Teacher motivation in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. London: Department of International Development.
Bussin, M. (2014). Remuneration and talent management: Strategic compensation approaches for attracting, retaining and engaging talent. Johannesburg: Knowledge Resources Publishing (Pty) Ltd.
Chanza, A.W.D., Snelgar, R.J., Song, Y., & Louw, G.J. (2013). The motivational value of rewards amongst Malawi’s health professionals. South African Journal of Human Resource Management. 11(1)
Cooper, D.R., & Schindler, P.S. (2014). Business research methods (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Crouch, L., & Perry, H. (2003). Educators in HSRC human resource development review 2003. Education, employment and skills in South Africa. Cape Town: HSRC Publishers.
Davids, B. (2010). Teaching is not an essential service. The New Negotiator. 3 (3).
DoE. (2005). Teachers for the future: Meeting teacher shortages to achieve education for all. Pretoria: The Department of Basic Education.
European Commission. (2013). Study on policy measures to improve the attractiveness of the teaching profession in Europe. Copenhagen: European Commission.
FET Round Table. (2010). Challenges facing the Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) College Subsystem: Towards finding resolutions in partnership with stakeholders. Pretoria: The Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) Round Table.
FETI. (2009). National symposium on development for vocational and occupational trainers and educators. Cape Town: FETI.
Gkolia, A., Belias, D., & Koustelios, A. (2014). Teachers’ job satisfaction and self-efficacy: A review. European Scientific Journal. 10 (22).
Hall, E., Altman, M., Nkomo, N., Pelter, & Zuma, K. (2005). Factors determining educators supply and demand in South Africa public schools. Potential attrition in education. The impact of job satisfaction, moral, workload and HIV/ Aids. Pretoria: HSRC Press.
Hussain, I.A., Yunis, N.A., & Daud, N. (2013). The influence of intention to leave towards employee engagement among young bankers in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management. 8(14).
Hutchinson, J, Neary, S., Marriot, J., & Jackson, H. (2014). Strategic consultation on FE workforce and initial teacher education for the Education and Training Foundation. Derby: University of Derby.
Jeremiah, A. (2018). The impact of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards on the job satisfaction and resultant morale of Western Cape public TVET college educators. (Doctoral dissertation). Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville.
Masigibiri, V., & Nienaber, H. (2011). Factors affecting the retention of Generation X public servants: An exploratory study. South African Journal of Human Resource Management. 9(1).
McBride, T., Papier, J., & Needham, S. (2009). Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) college lecturers in the Western Cape. Cape Town: FETI.
Nel, P.S, Haasbroek, G.D., & Werner, A. (2008). Human Resources Management. (7th ed.). Cape Town: Oxford University Press, Southern Africa.
Nujjo, A., & Meyer, I. (2012). The relative importance of different types of rewards for employee motivation and commitment in South Africa. South African Journal of Human Resource Management 10 (2).
Papier, J. (2008). Report on training of Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) lecturers in South Africa, England and other contexts. Wynberg 7800: TVET: University of Western Cape.
Polonsky, M.J., & Waller, D.S. (2011). Designing and managing a research project: A business student’s guide. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business. A skill-building approach (7th ed.). United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
Shields, J. (2007). Managing employee performance and rewards. London: Cambridge University Press.
Soudien, C. (2010). Transformation in higher education: A briefing paper. Pretoria: Development Bank of Southern Africa.
Statista (2018). South Africa: Inflation rates from 2012 to 2022 compared to previous years. Retrieved from http:www.statista.com
Tredoux, C., & Durrheim, K. (Editors.). (2013). Numbers, hypotheses & conclusions: A course in Statistics for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (2nd ed.) Cape Town: UCT Press.
Tucker, M.S. (2012). The phoenix: Vocational education and training. Singapore: Centre of International Education Bench Marking.
Uzhenyu, D. (2015). Collective bargaining in the public sector, a panacea to perpetual conflicts and labour unrest (strikes): A study of the Zimbabwean experience. Harare: ILERA.
Van Zyl, G. (2010). Does employee remuneration dispensation in the South African economy enhance labour production? The Gauteng Manufacturing Industry as a case study. South African Journal of Human Resource Management. 8 (1).
Vermeulen, C. (2015). Chaos or coherence? Further Education and Training college governance in post-apartheid South Africa. South Africa: University of Kwazulu Natal.
Wedekind, V. (2010). Chaos or coherence? Further education and training college governance in post-apartheid South Africa. Durban, South Africa: University of KwaZulu Natal.
Zhoutao, O., Jinxi, C., & Yixiao, S., (2013). Does total rewards reduce employees’ turn-over? International Journal of Business and Management. 8 (20).
Zikmund, W.G., Banin, B.J., Carr, J.C., & Griffin, M. (2013). Business research methods. (9th ed.). United Kingdom: South-Western Cengage Learning.
